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As noted by Wentzel and Looney (2006), there are several different social realities to which a child must adapt: In addition to learning different behaviours that are appropriate for school, there are also structural features of school to which children must adapt. In an overview of studies (Sussman et al. According to Simmons (2002), there are rules for how good girls act, and participating in overt acts of violence does not conform to this role. Character education is part of the official curriculum in some parts of the country. Warm and supportive teachers and a positive school climate are crucial for the positive social development of children, and the absence of such can have long-term detrimental effects on students, particularly if they have family problems. There are many agents of socialization within the school environment, as indicated by Brints (1998) zones of socialization. These agents include the family, education, religion, peer groups, and the media, and they all play a significant role in shaping an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors. For example, if a child came from an absent family, or was put in a school or daycare when they were an infant or toddler, a school-like institution may influence primary socialization (Whitbeck, 1999). In terms of outreach, students must participate weekly (Wednesdays between 9 a.m. and 12 p.m.) in a community volunteer activity for which they receive no payment. In addition to features of the school and teacher characteristics, a major part of socialization at school involves students interaction with their peer group. Brunsma (2005, 2006) argues that in the United States, school uniforms have not been effective in addressing any of the issues they were intended to resolve. The Britney look consisted of tight jeans and midriff-baring tops, while the JLo look was characterized by figure-hugging velour track suits. WebSocialization is the cultural process of learning to participate in a social group. What is the Value of a Liberal Arts Degree? Within the school setting, social competence is achieved when students embrace and achieve socially sanctioned goals. She notes that style is perceived to be a voice of resistance among many girls, but also queries whether such an en masse expression of resistance through consumption of fashion and music can really be considered resistance if so many young people seem to be doing itat least to some extent. Racialized students and those who have had previous conduct problems within schools are much more likely to drop out of school. Attempts to attract more males to the teaching profession have also been suggested as a solution to the boy problem. With school teachers being almost exclusively female, the feminization of schoolingargument suggests that schools are a place where male interests are not cultivated. the expected responsibilities, rights, and behaviours of teachers, school staff, and parents (in addition to students) and are worded in a manner that emphasizes co-operation and tolerance rather than solely focusing on punishments for rule infractions; recourses for students who wish to appeal rules (Lewis 1999; Raby 2008; Schimmel 2003). Students will be required to sit still during lessons. Homeschooled children have stronger relationships with their parents and However, Brendgen, Wanner, and Vitaro (2006) found that teacher verbal abuse actually contributed to future adolescent delinquent behaviour in their 17-year cohort study in Quebec, which tracked children from kindergarten to age 23. Major agents of socialization include the family and school, but also the media, peer groups, and other major social institutions such as religion and the legal system. In general, students who plan to attend a post-secondary institution, regardless of their specific career aspirations, need to familiarize themselves with the entry requirements of the institution and program the plan to enter. There is one teacher for a large group of children and the relationship with the teacher is less personal than a childparent relationship. Figure 6.3 summarizes the major forces of socialization within schools that were discussed. Characteristics of children that may be perceived to threaten classroom management may attract negative attention from teachers. Dunstable School in Alberta, for example, has instituted policies that promote socially desirable behaviour. Charter schools (Chapter 4) can also be thought of as streaming children, but of instead of streaming them into ability groups, they are streamed into particular philosophical or religious orientations. In Canada, research using data from the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth has found that the social climate within schools and classrooms has important effects on children who display early signs of behavioural problems. Other researchers have found that school sports coaches create conformity among their players by using misogynistic and homophobic comments to criticize players (Schissel 2000), further contributing to stereotypes about what is considered appropriate male behaviour. What are the rationales behind the proposed solutions? Critics (see Apple 2000) also object to the presentation of the public schooling system as a failure and argue that the home schooling movement, particularly the neo-conservative home schooling movement in the United States, serves to segment and divide the population, essentially creating more problems than it actually solves. In this chapter, the complex role of socialization within schools was introduced. These students did not have a strong peer group identity with one of the established school peer groups and were at the periphery of the school social scene. Social control: Social institutions help to maintain stability and order within society. Such reading materials functioned as a type of social or cultural capital within their groups of friends. Specifically, Sprott (2004) found that emotional support in the classroom when children were between 10 and 13 years of age reduced violent behaviour in children two years later. Their focus on fashion and popular music largely shaped the popular girls lives and friendships with one another, as well as their relationships with other peers inside and outside of the school. Cohens examples of moral panics surrounded various youth cultures, particularly the Mods and Rockers of the early 1960s, and how the media portrayed them as a threat to established law and social order. (2007) found that across numerous studies from the English-speaking world, peer groups generally fell into five very broad categories: elites, athletes, deviants, academics, and others. Such school environments have been found to breed delinquent behaviour and academic failure. This is a basic but surprisingly complex and difficult process that benefits from experience, knowledge and effort. Many critics of home schooling have argued that because school is such an important basis for socialization, this can only mean that children who are home schooled are going to be missing out on some very key aspects of socialization. Teachers are more than just a new person from whom the child must take direction; they influence the socialization of children in several ways. In many ways, the teacher serves as a parental replacement during school hours, although this figure must be shared with many other children and the relationship is more emotionally distant. Check provincial ministry of education websites for curriculum requirements and identify the differences between streams. Examine how official documents discuss the objectives of the different groups of courses. Streaming not only influences the course choices of students, but also contributes to the overall socialization of children and adolescents in schools. An internal committee comprised of the principal, two students, and two teachers hear all infractions of the rules. This bottom-up approach to decision making has proven to be a very effective one for students who, for various reasons, were not successful in the mainstream system. These 1400 hours in the school setting per year do not include extracurricular activities and school preparatory work, like homework. Socialization: Social institutions provide the structure within which individuals learn the norms and values of society. Schools are directly responsible for making people worthwhile in their respective societies. The social learning that children undergo when they enter other social institutions, such as school. Agents of socialization are the social structures in which socialization occurs. If students believe that their teacher has lower expectations of them, this can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy of low achievement. Effective school climates can positively influence students, despite their home conditions, race, gender, or social class (McEvoy and Welker 2000). Brint (1998) notes that young children, for example, may be assigned reading material that warns of the consequences of not having such virtues. As noted by Sussman et al. Teachers, however, shape the socialization of students by other processes as well, which are discussed below. The role of teachers as a new authority figure in students lives was introduced earlier. For example, we learn the importance of obeying authority and They suggest, interestingly, that drinking and sexual behaviours of young people can be perceived as festive social interactions and [a source of] popularity among teens and emerging adults, as well as representing a problem behaviour (Sussman et al. Research in British Columbia around this policy has also found that those who are disciplined under zero tolerance policies are more likely to have disabilities or be racial minorities (Cassidy and Jackson 2005). The disadvantages experienced by Aboriginal children in Canadian schools may be at least partially driven by the self-fulfilling prophecy. The Safe Schools Act changed the policy to one of mandatory suspensions and expulsions and police involvement for particular rule infractions, provided that mitigating factors were taken into account. What is streaming? Box 6.5 Declining Male Performance in ReadingA Moral Panic? If theyre breaking what theyre saying it means nothing to us then.1 A student at the competition shot a video of the dance which quickly became an internet sensation accompanied by much public moral outrage. Not only does a childs behaviour have to be modified from a set of learned family-appropriate behaviours, but the setting itself has many new structural features to which a child must become accustomed. How a teacher approaches the issue of gender can have a lasting impact on how children understand the perceived socially acceptable roles for males and females. Canadian research has produced similar results to its American counterpart. The findings suggest that at-risk children may be socialized into a cycle of negative interactions with teachers, which may not only contribute to their future delinquency but also reduce their academic performance. Sociology of Education in Canada by Dr. Karen L. Robson is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.