From the time that Sandoval began as a new boot in the summer of 1985 until late 1986, he began to be enveloped into a slippery process of criminal activity that began with something as commonplace as the lighting of an inmates cigarette. (Associated Press), In June 2008, Texas Syndicate member Emanuel Camacho Gomez fatally guns down 27-year-old Rose Anne Martinez in San Antonio, Texas. The Texas Syndicate, including its leadership, membership and associates, constitute an "enterprise" as defined by Title 18, United States Code, Section 1961(4), that is, a group of individuals associated in . Arredondo had been ineffective for the prison gang, and failed them on several occasions. Winner of the Sundance Film Festival's Audience Award, writer-director Paul Greengrass' "magnetic and impassioned" drama is a "staggering re-creation" of the events of Sunday, January 30th, 1972 when British troops clashed with unarmed protestors in Derry, Northern Ireland. This complicates mass incarceration scholarship which primarily rests along the Black and White binary of American history. The issues of guards becoming corrupted continued and continues well into the 2010s. Sandoval experienced the escalated violence in the summer of 1985 first hand as he initiated his career as a correctional officer. A former car dealership displays a graffiti representation of Bloody Sunday on its boarded facade. The Little Italy in lower Manhattan was under the control of Ignazio "Lupo the Wolf" Saietta, before a gang war reputed the two sides decided on joining forcing. Top Gear , a British car show, featured an episode (comedy) in which they tested three luxury automakers; Rolls-Royce Ghost , Mercedes-Benz S-Class , and Bentley Mulsanne , to see which would be best suitable for Albanian Mafia bosses. Alfred Shkurti (also known as Aldo Bare): The boss of one of the most notorious criminal syndicates in Albania known as the Banda e Lushnjs (The Lushnja Gang). On February 2007, high ranking Texas Syndicate member Ernesto Medrano is sentenced to life in prison for using U.S. military flights to transport hundreds of kilos of cocaine from Columbia to Fort, Bliss Texas. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2001, Texas Syndicate members murder ex member Hector Camacho in the Rio Grande Valley for his efforts in starting an offshoot TS chapter called Tejano Syndicato Originales (Sierra v. State, No. His lawyer argued that these allegations were extremely prejudicial and are solely calculated to provoke anger and hate for the defendant by the jury. In certain ways, Fischer contended that these allegations criminalized Sandoval for illegal activities he may or may not have committed, but had not been convicted of, a process easy for Mexican Americans to succumb to and for the rest of the general population to accept (The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval, 1991). The roots of its foundation were directly connected to prison gangs. This exposed the longer historical process of Mexican Americans in United States history being perceived as bandits and criminals without full legal recourse. Blacks had a virtual non-existent population in Alice, and the greater South Texas region for that matter. Stamps are also a form of currency within prisons. David Weeks, a special prison prosecutor stated, more than 90 percent of inmate homicides are gang-ordered and more than one-half of the assaults are the result of gang warfare (Klimko, 1987). A week later another juror wrote Sandoval a four-page letter, expressing her chagrin that he had been put through all the agony (Draper, 1991). In the letter, he was critical of the Texas prison system. Historically, prison gangs had been built along strict racial guidelines regarding membership, but also for those who participated in gang activity. Sandovals exposure to this initial shocking experience was predicated on his need for quick employment. On March 7, 1965, police, state troopers, and a citizen " posse " violently attacked civil rights marchers attempting to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, United States. The Texas Syndicate, more than La Eme or Nuestra Familia, has been more associated or allied with Mexican immigrant prisoners, such as the "Border Brothers", while La Eme and the NF tend to be more composed of US-born/raised Hispanics. However, they still maintain their headquarters in California, where their national president resides, and their numbers continue to reach into state and federal prisons across the US. Osmani Brothers : According to the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) the Osmani brothers as the "most important figures of organized crime in Hamburg and other cities in Germany" Adriatik Coli : Leader of one of the most powerful "15 families" known as " Banda e Lul Berishs" based in Durrs , Albania . After his short stop off at Conroe, they made their way to Huntsville, the capital of the Texas Department of Corrections, and since 1989 known as the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Today, November 21, 2020, is 100 years since the events known as ' Bloody Sunday' in Dublin in 1920. In the early 1960s Mike Coppola was imprisoned on tax evasion charges and followed in the footsteps of his predecessor Ciro Terranova, being put on the shelf after his release from prison in 1963. Robert Riggs Reports Blood In. While Italian gangsters may be three or four generations removed from the old country, the Albanians grew up under brutal communist regimes, engaging in protracted blood feuds with rival clans, and subscribing to a strict code of silence that makes the Italian credo of omert seem playful. Albanian organized crime is active in Albania , the United States , and the European Union (EU) countries, participating in a diverse range of criminal enterprises including drug and arms trafficking . Several key figures of the Albanian Mafia seem to reside frequently in the Calabrian towns of Perugia, Africo, Plati, and Bovalino (Italy), fiefs of the Ndrangheta. The Texas Syndicate was established at Folsom State Prison in California in 1978 in direct response to the other California prison gangs, notably the Aryan Brotherhood and Mexican Mafia, which were attempting to prey on native Texas inmates. Sunday, 9 November 1952 should be remembered as a day of infamy in South Africa's history, but few know of a brutal massacre when police opened fire on people at an ANC Youth League event in . Ismail Lika : Ismail Lika was an Albanian mobster active in New York City in the 1980s. Both were also newly employed prison guards, a continuation of the 1980s-increased-hiring-wave. Lulzim Krasniqi :(1863-2006) Former leader of the Albania Mafia based in Zagreb, Croatia. Both the Texas Syndicate and Mexikanemi team up against the Barrio Azteca. This was especially insightful because it was written with the viewpoint of a prison guard. Inmates used this perceived racial brotherhood to manipulate Sandoval for the gains of the prison gangs illegal activity by initiating the common process in prisons called downing the duck (Bedard, 2013). Familiarity was both good and bad. This marriage took place only after Sandoval was able to attain job security with the Texas Department of Corrections as a correctional officer in Huntsville. This Albanian link seems to confirm that the Sacra Corona Unita and the Albanian Mafia are "partners" in Puglia/Italy and delegate several criminal activities". Like many Mexican Americans in the U.S. Southwest, Sandoval was unacquainted with racial groups other than his own. Jose Daniel Flores, aka "Cuate," 43, was sentenced to 360 months in prison after pleading guilty in March to intent to distribute heroin. They had entered in the territory of Lucchese crime family in Astoria, Queens , New York, and are said to have even beaten up two made men in the Lucchese family. The only known members are Dardan Petrela, Kalem Vulaj, and Bledar Morina. Sandovals lawyer Steve Fischer argued for their removal from the murder trial. In fact, the building tender system had purposely ignored Mexican Americans as potential candidates based on racial ideas. If the guard or staff member refused or rejected the task, the inmate(s) then informed them that they would notify prison administrators of previous favors (Bedard, 2013). Even while considering the institutions perception of the strength of prison gangs, they still largely lacked broad exploration in historical scholarship. Mexican Americans exist in a difficult space as a protected group under the White category but not Black, such as reflected in the ruling of Hernandez v. Texas. In 1993, the Barrio Azteca brutally beat and murder a Texas Syndicate member in the El Paso county jail causing the Texas Syndicate to alliance it's self with the Mexikanemi. Garcia hoped that Sandoval would become his golden goose as he convinced Sandoval to light his cigarette (Draper, 1991). (Associates Press), On January 2009, 10 Texas Syndicate members invade the home of an Austin couple and rob the family of their TVs wallets, and vehicles. The number racket controlled bookmaking and illegal gambling throughout Harlem and South Bronx making thousands of dollars a year. Some 3,700 people died over the course of the four-decade conflict. Activists who gathered virtually and in person to commemorate a pivotal day in the civil rights struggle that became known as Bloody Sunday called on people to continue the fight for voting rights as they also honored giants of the civil rights movement, including the late U.S. Rep. John Lewis, who died last year. Sandovals Early Beginnings Bloody Sunday Marchers marching from Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church to Edmund Pettus Bridge on Sunday, March 7, 1965 (Bloody Sunday). Prison guards were rapidly hired. This was the blood in and blood out membership oath which stipulated that membership was predicated on members either assaulting or murdering someone which was tasked by the prison gang to get in. The Texas Syndicate, a prison gang that operates in and outside of penitentiaries, is considered by state law-enforcement officials to be among the most dangerous criminal organizations in. He was twenty-one and she was fifteen. The Bloody Sunday killings cast an indelible stain on British history and scarred the life of more than 30 families and the wider communities of Derry. Mexican Americans were also affected by mass incarceration, particularly in the U.S. Southwest. Dubbed the king of the New York drug underworld, Ismail Lika issued a contract on Rudy Giuliani 's prosecutors in 1985. Ultimately, as the histories of prison continue to expand, the inclusion of Mexican Americans as an integral population to its history is necessary; we grow to contest the views of Mexican Americans as a criminalized population, discern an increased incarcerated population, and also recognize them becoming institutional operatives of the prison system itself. 8/21/2008) (Tex. Bloody Sunday Brian Lawless/PA By Mike McBride & David Wilson BBC News NI Relatives of those killed on Bloody Sunday have been remembering their loved ones on the 50th anniversary. In the 1980s, one employment pursuit was prisoner guard positions in Texas, positions which were not glowingly sought after. The Albanians are too violent and too unpredictable." On September 7, 1916 Nicholas Terranova was murdered, giving the Camorra gangs the advantage. This moment was set during the height of prison gang violence that struck the TDCJ during the mid-1980s. Nicholas "Nick Morello" Terranova took over the 116th Street Mob , and became in boiled in the Mafia-Camorra War. The Rudaj Organization , also called "The Corporation", was a well known Albanian criminal organization operating in the New York City metro area. App. Texas Syndicate Gang Members Busted - Again. Moreover, the Albanian mafia families are organized in 3-4 or more levels, which enable them to preserve the organizational action capability even in case some of its members or groups are captured. Bloody Sunday, 21 st November 1920 In 1920 the War of Independence was ongoing in Ireland. By Fintan O'Toole. Ortiz was the cellmate of John A. Hernandez, a high-ranking member of the Texas Syndicate. Thus, in many areas of Italy, the market for cannabis, prostitution, and smuggling is run mainly by Albanians. According to Ioannis Michaletos, the family structure is characterized by a strong inner discipline, which is achieved by a means of punishment for every deviation from the internal rules, so that the fear should guarantee an unconditional loyalty to the family, with the provisions of the official laws considered to be secondary, not important and non-binding. Correspondingly, Vasquez, Garcia, and Carrillo who were the earlier victims were all incarcerated for robbery or burglary convictions. State identity also occurred as a form of othering by the California prison gangs which did not extend membership to non-Californios. It was on this day and in the following . Albanian Mafia families or clans are usually made up of groups of fewer than 100 members, constituting an extended family residing all along the Balkan route from Eastern Turkey, to Western Europe, and North America. The murder came as a result of the Gulf Cartel hiring the Texas Syndicate to kidnap Serrano from his home in Texas and take him to cartel members in Mexico. Before Sandoval could stand to face trial though, he fled. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 1986, Texas Syndicate member Rogelio Hernandez murders Officer Jose Herrera during an attempted escape from the Webb County Jail. (El Paso Times), In 2007, 23 Texas Syndicate members are arrested in cities all over the state of Texas on drug trafficking charges. First prison gang remains a force to fearThousands of Texas Syndicate members behind bars, but murder, mayhem continue. Bloody Sunday 2002 R 1 h 51 m IMDb RATING 7.6 /10 25K YOUR RATING Rate Drama History War A dramatization of the Irish civil rights protest march and subsequent massacre by British troops on January 30, 1972. While violence is demonstrably visible here, the larger picture was that an economic free market was being fought over for control of the drug trade as well as other illicit economic endeavors. 402K subscribers 2 No views 1 minute ago ESPN's Matt Barrie is back for Week 6's Sunday Bloody Sunday to talk through the interim coaches prowess, Alabama's win over Texas A&M, Tennessee. Roberto Saviano, The Italian writer, a good expert of Neapolitan Camorra and the Italian mafia in general, spoke of the Albanian mafia as a no longer foreign mafia to Italy and stressed that the Albanians and Italians have a "brotherly" relationship between each other. Prior to the creation of this new prosecutorial arm of the Texas prison system, individual prison units handled internal criminal or objectionable acts and handed out punishment that they perceived fitting for the crime outside the confines of courtrooms. Rosas eventually confessed to actually stabbing Arredondo but was offered a favorable deal in exchange for his testimony [against Sandoval]; and Ruben Ortiz, a convicted murderer and TS sex slave [] was paroled after he agreed to testify (Draper, 1991). It was claimed that Sandoval felt more at home with fellow Hispanics than with the Black inmates, who terrified him (Statistical Atlas, 1991). Ironically, this historical and troubling development came on the heels of the significant victories of prison reform cases which were meant to curtail the conditions of prisons, yet set the stage for prison gangs and gang violence to foment. The murder took place in a corridor of the prison unit that was hidden from the view of prison guards. Agim Gashi : Leader of an Albanian Mafia clan based out of Italy. Le Chiffre is the main villain of the 2006 James Bond film, Casino Royale , portrayed by Danish actor Mads Mikkelsen . Sandovals case was unique as the only guard to be charged with a homicide at this point, but other guards were charged with other crimes. He did not complete his college education although he went farther than many Mexican Americans from this region. The pursuit of ethnic solidarity was also encapsulated within Luis Sandovals experiences, but as a prison guard and as a witness to these violent acts. The gang felt that the mother of 3 had crossed the line and ordered TS member Magnaleno Medina to kidnap and murder her. As a street gang, heavy activity has been reported in Austin, Texas, Corpus Christi, Texas, the Rio Grande Valley and the Dallas Fort Worth area. The Northern Albanian Mafia which runs the drug wholesale business is also known by the name of "The Fifteen Families." Hispanic guards, he said, were either coerced into quitting or found doing something wrong. He also stated supervisors treated inmates like animals (Draper, 1991). The charges leveraged were allegations that Sandoval smuggled drugs into the prison, was involved in illegal drugs or an illegal drug transaction, and that Sandoval acted as a messenger or delivery boy for any gang member (The State of Texas vs Luis H. Sandoval, 1991). In this case, exploring the Mexican American experience within the development of the Texas prison system has broad implications. He was eventually terminated from the Texas Department of Corrections. The Texas Syndicate's golden rule is as simple as it is merciless: Betray us and you're dead.. Testifying for murder defendant and former Ellis I guard Luis Sandoval, a string of prison employees said the doors were left open despite a policy requiring that they be locked at all times (McKay, 1991). As of 2000, the Texas Syndicate had about 19,000. members in prisons and jails state-wide, with many more on the outside. (Gang Intelligence 101), In 2004, The Raza Unida and Texas Syndicate settle on a truce. Sandoval claimed he skipped the court date and hid out for three weeks in California because he feared prison officials. In Albania alone there are over 15 mafia families or clans that control organized crime. Zef Mustafa : Albanian Mafia kingpin based out of New York. Sandoval was hired as part of the new guard force that was coming in and was separate from the old guard who had largely stayed to themselves, was predominately white, and had strong rapport with the building tenders. Their options were either possibly losing their job, or continue assisting the inmates and they would remain silent. Membership was tied to their regional home state and in this case trumped ethnicity as the only restriction towards membership. This process was an exploitative tactic that many prisoners faced and continue to face in prisons. In the United States, Albanian gangs started to be active in the mid-80s, mostly participating in low-level crimes such as burglaries and robberies. Mexican Americans were informed by their ethnic identity, but also by state identity as prison gangs formed. 01-07-00443-CR (Tex. Analysis: Bloody Sunday was a massive driver of activism and fund-raising within the Irish-American community With the possible exception of April 10th 1998, and May 5th 1981, no date has. After this incident Sandoval soon realized it was the inmates who ran the prison, not the guards, and surely not the state of Texas. Each side wanted to completely control all the Italian gangs in New York City and across the United States. Believed by MI6 to be Albanian, Le Chiffre is banker to the world's terrorist organizations. On January 30, 1972, British soldiers stationed in the Northern Irish city of Derry opened fire on crowds of unarmed civilian protesters, killing 13, mortally wounding another, and injuring 15 others with unprecedented brutality. Lastly, he had finally gotten to the point where they tasked him with muling drugs into the prison and participating in package drop-offs that likely contained illegal drugs to be brought into the prison units. Their criticism may have largely rested on the divisiveness of race. Crucially, this process of selection was also highly racialized. Sandovals attorney, Steve Fischer, had helped Sandoval in his trial by successfully eliminating the option for the prosecutor to illustrate the connection of Sandoval to the criminal activity. A lawsuit against the Texas prison system and Sandoval was underway by Arredondos family. This simple action led to a massacre known as Bloody Sunday, and was the beginning of the 1905 Russian Revolution. Enver Sekiraqa : Leading person of organized crime in Kosovo, aka the boss of the bosses, who is on the Interpols wanted list for several crimes. His brief story represented the limited social and economic opportunities that impacted many Tejanos; the continuance of a larger, repeated, and unceasing story in Texas. Bloody Sunday commemorates when, in 1965, 600 people began a march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, demanding an end to discrimination in voter registration. The fight was merely a distraction. Border Brothers, Tri City Bombers, Texas Mafia, Dirty White Boys, Mexikanemi, Mexican Mafia, Nuestra Familia, Aryan Brotherhood, Mandingo Warriors, Black Guerrilla Family, REGISTER NOW TO BEGIN TRAINING FOR YOUR GANG SPECIALIST CERTIFICATION. Sandoval grew up in Alice, TX, a city with a population of approximately 20,000. The Texas Syndicate or Syndicato Tejano was the first prison gang to heavily impact the prison system in Texas. How long must we sing this song? When the task was not accepted or completed by a member, then they were green lit which meant they became a target within their own prison gang because they refused to follow orders (Riggs, 2011). Furthermore, since the rapid growth of prison gangs in the late 1970s and early 1980s, prison gangs in Texas were responsible for several dozen homicides, hundreds of assaults on other inmates and staff, and have had a stranglehold on power in Texas prisons since then. Texas prison . Texas prisons were mostly gang-free until bloody battles broke out in 1984-85 between the Mexican Mafia and Texas Syndicate as well as the Aryan Brotherhood and Mandingo Warriors. During Sandovals trial, witnesses told a Walker County jury that doors in the Ellis I prison units south end were routinely left unlocked by guards in 1986.
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