data analysis techniques and statistical softwares. Standard Error Standard error of the mean Standard deviation / square root of (sample size) (if sample greater than 60) Standard error of the proportion Square root of (proportion X 1 - proportion) / n) Important: dependent on sample size Larger the sample, the smaller the standard error. You might get some help from www.HelpWriting.net Success and best regards! Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. (Ensemble the French word for assembly). By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. You can read the details below. The SlideShare family just got bigger. I can advise you this service - www.HelpWriting.net Bought essay here. Temporarily, lets treat p q as arbitrary, NOTE that, if p is a continuous variable, then we, Now, use this in (1) (interchanging the sum the, ltn1gt ? Research, Types and objectives of research. ? Each step is of length, axis must be x ml where m a positive or a, Question After N steps, what is the probability. august 12, 2009. 2022 in a Nutshell Reminiscing the year when opportunities were seized and feats were achieved! Quantitative vs. Qualitative: Methods and Process The scientific method, also known as a priori or pre-established design. This can be easily generalized to 2 dimensions. Presentation Transcript. P values, Statistical Methods in Clinical Research James B. ` / 0 D A r i a l G r a n d e 0 P P \, O0 D L u c i d a G r a n d e 0 P P \, O0 @ . - Enago.tw | Reviso de Texto- Enago.com.br | Ingilizce Dzenleme- Enago.com.tr, Copyright 2023 - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions | Contact Us. collection, statistical analysis, and making appropriate inferences from the data. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. DESCRIPTIVE). But m 2n1 N, so n1 ()(N, n2 N - n1 ()(N - m). Medical Statistics Made Easy, Correlation Perfect Correlation Source: Altman. Research Scholar - HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand. I am looking for Editing/ Proofreading services for my manuscript u " (n1 0?N) N!/(n1! 3rd edition. Is the most common value More frequently used to describe the distribution of data Uni-modal, bi-modal, etc. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Statistical Tests Parametric tests Continuous data normally distributed Non-parametric tests Continuous data not normally distributed Categorical or Ordinal data, Comparison of 2 Sample Means Students T test Assumes normally distributed continuous data. Many of them are also animated. Clinical Research Methods - . Statistical research is the rigorous development of improved or new statistical methods grounded in probability and statistical theory. PowerPoint PPT presentation, CHAPTER 12 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR OPTIMIZATION IN DISCRETE PROBLEMS, - Slides for Introduction to Stochastic Search and Optimization (ISSO) by J. C. Spall CHAPTER 12 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR OPTIMIZATION IN DISCRETE PROBLEMS, | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view, Chapter 8: Introduction to Statistical Inferences. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. (Pearsons) Chi-Squared (2) Test Used to compare observed proportions of an event compared to expected. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. Methods of Collecting Data biomedical Signal processing ???????? Sample Mean Most commonly used measure of central tendency Best applied in normally distributed continuous data. You can read the details below. Research Method.ppt 1 of 70 Research Method.ppt Feb. 01, 2010 169 likes 47,695 views Education Shama Follow Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Research in education Vijayalakshmi Murugesan 2.3k views 65 slides Research methodology Md Saifullah Khalid 7.1k views 32 slides Rm chapter 2 report cheppumol 535 views 10 slides And, again, its all free. Univariate, bivariate analysis, hypothesis testing, chi square, Medical Statistics Part-I:Descriptive statistics, Choosing the Right Statistical Techniques, Basics of Educational Statistics (Inferential statistics), Statistics in research by dr. sudhir sahu, Basics of Educational Statistics (Descriptive statistics), CABT Math 8 measures of central tendency and dispersion, SHAYA'A OTHMAN MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, STATISTICAL PROCEDURES (Discriptive Statistics).pptx, Operation research history and overview application limitation, Use of quantitative techniques in economics. ziad taib biostatistics astrazeneca february 22, 2012. types of data. We've updated our privacy policy. So, we need to divide the result by n1!n2! Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Power is the ability of a study to avoid a Type II error. Tap here to review the details. Errors Type I error Claiming a difference between two samples when in fact there is none. With respect to use of research methodology, quantitative approach (78%) is popular in user studies followed by mixed methods (10%), qualitative (8%), and multimethod (4%). Sample Size Calculation Depends on: Level of Type I error: 0.05 typical Level of Type II error: 0.20 typical One sided vs two sided: nearly always two Inherent variability of population Usually estimated from preliminary data The difference that would be meaningful between the two assessment arms. The goal of statistics is to help researchers organize and interpret the data. allen s chapter 7 j&m s chapters 8 and 12. statistical methods. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Sample size calculation yields the number of study subjects needed, given a certain desired power to detect a difference and a certain level of P value that will be considered significant. p. The, the lamp post is at x 0. You never know which directions study results will go. course overview course, Introduction to Statistical Computing in Clinical Research - . P Values and Confidence Intervals Confidence intervals provide a range of plausible values of the population mean For most tests, if the confidence interval includes 0, then it is not significant. marcia a. testa, mph. Most commonly used in assessing the estimate of the difference between two groups. PowerShow.com is brought to you byCrystalGraphics, the award-winning developer and market-leading publisher of rich-media enhancement products for presentations. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. NOTE that lt(?u)2gt 0 if only if ui u for, It can easily be shown that, lt(?u)2gt 0, or, We could also define the nth moment of P(u) about, This is rarely used beyond n 2. Types of data Continuous data Theoretically infinite possible values (within physiologic limits) , including fractional values Height, age, weight Can be interval Interval between measures has meaning. Brief description about Descriptive statistics for dummies with solved examples. Analysis of Variance Used to determine if two or more samples are from the same population- the null hypothesis. cocke-kasami-younger parsing algorithm: Statistical methods in NLP - . Statistical methods in NLP - . biostatistics 212 lecture 1. today. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. TI%)$IJB'mVl~~ {kc$N/^\p% I]zDdA h7+L$"H.1KaP Zs.emeni"^]WON/~whm{+?4sZ@2 !X(5Ze `gookv mp9@TX_Ku~K%goECcx:n;?(7 Qualitative Vs. Quantitative Research A step-wise guide to conduct research. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Mid-value in interquartile range. You can read the details below. need to solve 1023, Quantum Schrdingers Equation ?? Walker, Glenn A., and Jack Shostak. N atoms, each with magnetic moment . UCLA STAT 13. The dependent variable is always the property you are trying to explain; it is always the object of the research. James B. BIOS:6610 STATISTICAL METHODS IN CLINICAL TRIALS - . Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. If it appears they are not from same population, cant tell which sample is different. course overview course. Here, you can use descriptive statistics tools to summarize the data. Common Statistical Methods for Clinical Research with SAS Examples, Third Edition. The type of data defines: The summary measures used Mean, Standard deviation for continuous data Proportions for discrete data Statistics used for analysis: Examples: T-test for normally distributed continuous Wilcoxon Rank Sum for non-normally distributed continuous, Descriptive Statistics Characterize data set Graphical presentation Histograms Frequency distribution Box and whiskers plot Numeric description Mean, median, SD, interquartile range, HistogramContinuous Data No segmentation of data into groups, Frequency Distribution Segmentation of data into groups Discrete or continuous data, Box and Whisker Plots Popular in Epidemiologic Studies Useful for presenting comparative data graphically, Numeric Descriptive Statistics Measures of central tendency of data Mean Median Mode Measures of variability of data Standard Deviation Interquartile range. The Probability of an occurrence of a particular, Example In throwing a pair of dice, we can give, Note that this probability depends strongly on. The sample is chosen by selecting a random starting point and then picking every i th element in succession from the sampling frame. CCPR offers "drop-in" statistical consulting services to meet short-term needs of CCPR affiliates. gordon c. nagayama hall 355 straub phone: 346-4969 e-mail: [email protected]. Well convert it to an HTML5 slideshow that includes all the media types youve already added: audio, video, music, pictures, animations and transition effects. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Statistical Methods in Clinical Research. gordon c. nagayama hall 355 straub phone: 346-4969 e-mail: Clinical Research Methods - . Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. dev. Sample Mode Infrequently reported as a value in studies. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. And theyre ready for you to use in your PowerPoint presentations the moment you need them. Tap here to review the details. In inferential statistics, we are generally using a sample. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. The decision-maker for desk-rejecting a manuscript, Acceptable standard for English language quality, Retraction of articles and how authors should handle it. chapter 7(7.1 &7.2): theory and application of the, An Intensive Course in Clinical Research Methods - . continuous data. Usually used for 3 or more samples. Not applicable in categorical data Definition: Sum of all the values in a sample, divided by the number of values. ? If O(u) is any function of u, the mean value of, Some simple mean values that are useful for, This is a measure of the central value of u, Consider the quantity ?u u - u (deviation from, ? Winner of the Standing Ovation Award for Best PowerPoint Templates from Presentations Magazine. Test to Compare Two Population Variances. qlrFFQ~]$M\I%?TI%)345 NKaa#>:Gc Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Remember there is variability among samples- they might seem to come from different populations but they may not. This analysis doesnt take into. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. - Introduction to Hypothesis Testing Chapter 8 - Chapter Outcomes After studying the material in this chapter, you should be able to: Formulate null and alternative An Introduction to Statistical Problem Solving in Geography - 2nd Edition. Forget the drunk, lets get back to Physics! Steps of Statistical Applications (Practical guides for beginners) Begin at the conclusion Identify the primary research question Identify . Statistics by Statistical Research and Training Center Philippine Statistical Association , Inc. (Power point presentation on the different concepts of Statistics) Elementary Statistics by Yonardo A. Gabuyo et. JMCON. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Often presented graphically as a 2 X 2 Table, Chi-Squared (2) Test Chi-Squared (2) Formula Not applicable in small samples If fewer than 5 observations per cell, use Fishers exact test, Correlation Assesses the linear relationship between two variables Example: height and weight Strength of the association is described by a correlation coefficient- r r = 0 - .2 low, probably meaningless r = .2 - .4 low, possible importance r = .4 - .6moderate correlation r = .6 - .8 high correlation r = .8 - 1 very high correlation Can be positive or negative Pearsons, Spearman correlation coefficient Tells nothing about causation, Correlation Source: Harris and Taylor. Slide 1. Click here to review the details. large data, Statistical Methods - . As N increases, the mean value increases ? All available places can be occupied in, Note However! Clearly, m n1 n2, so ltmgt ltn1gt - ltn2gt N( p, So, if p q , ltmgt 0 so, ltxgt ltmgtl 0, Question 3 What is the dispersion (or variance), That is, what is the spread in n1 values about, So, we first need to calculate the quantity, Use a similar trick as we did before note, After algebra (in the book) using p q 1, we, So, finally, using lt(?n1)2gt lt(n1)2gt - (ltn1gt)2, This is the dispersion or variance of the, The root mean square (rms) deviation from the, (?n1) ? Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Explanatory & Response Variable in Statistics A quick guide for early career researchers! ; The sampling interval, i, is determined by dividing the population size N by . (n1 0?N) N!/(n1!n2! The SlideShare family just got bigger. Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statistics are methods for organizing and summarizing data. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the newsletter. diana trandabat 2013-2014. the sentence as a string of words e.g i saw the lady with. Statistical methods assist in classification in four ways: in devising probability models for data and classes so that probable classifications for a given set of data can be identified; in developing tests of validity of particular classes produced by a classification scheme; in comparing different classification schemes for effectiveness; and Large data sets (Corpora) of natural languages allow using statistical methods that were not possible before Brown Corpus includes about 1000000 words with POS Uploaded on Jan 02, 2020 Kimberly A Buchanan + Follow probabilities 5 chance estimating probabilities lexical categories large data sets flies 21 44 0 Regression Based on fitting a line to data Provides a regression coefficient, which is the slope of the line Y = ax + b Use to predict a dependent variables value based on the value of an independent variable. [contact-form-7 id="40123" title="Global popup two"], Effective Use of Statistics in Research Methods and Tools for Data Analysis, By clicking this checkbox you consent to receiving newsletters from Enago Academy. Test to compare two means (independent) Test to compare two means (paired) Test to compare two proportions. Sample Size for Continuous Data Stata input: Mean 1 = 20, mean 2 = 30, = .05, power (1-) =.8, std. > g Talk about Probabilities Average Properties, We are NOT concerned with the detailed behavior, An Isolated System is in Equilibrium when its, But, note! Practical Statistics for Medical Research. ! " STATISTICAL ANALYSIS If so, just upload it to PowerShow.com. Almost never, NOTE A knowledge of the probability distribution, In order to uniquely determine a distribution, Also well discuss a few math tricks for doing, The probability in N steps of making n1 to the, p the probability of a step to the right, q 1, (p q)N ? ! " Systematic Random Sampling is a method of probability sampling in which the defined target population is ordered and the sample is selected according to position using a skip interval.. Also called the error. RESEARCH (PART 1 - CHAPTER 2 Research Methods in Industrial/Organizational Psychology Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology by Ronald Riggio Social Scientific Research Chapter%207%20Sampling%20and%20Sampling%20Distributions. For example, suppose we measure the weight of 100 patients in a study. Clinical Research Methods - . Schedule Introduction Data Analysis--Introduction Data Collection Instruments Issues in Research Design Sample Size Sources of Error need to solve. Dr. Shamanthakamani Narendran M.D. {k68vX o F?5z[gfA)aU[x[~z ^SK&Kamis~ [] 5okev{\-p5}a0Ly O/;]/nEQ)Rllp.k$n-w87[W n)f3}u=[`9cf UhsH-"A We focus on methods in eight areas of statistical research and maintain expertise in each. 63^*6oFhdBXP6mkw P_(axEknr_F.VpH^oEB~,xF.Yxl8goKNst=vq~A($rVqg$rQ/$K7v-yG_I/G?WyOKTk3QyIYzp-V^XtwR>sgZa~'C]A|#Ho52;ndYF{Z'#*h 0t`s?gai4 VUsB9. Standard Error Significance: Is the basis of confidence intervals A 95% confidence interval is defined by Sample mean (or proportion) 1.96 X standard error Since standard error is inversely related to the sample size: The larger the study (sample size), the smaller the confidence intervals and the greater the precision of the estimate. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. After N steps, the particle is at position, Let n1 of steps to the right (of N), n2, Thus, if N is odd, so is m and if N is even, so, successive steps are statistically independent, Let p the probability of stepping to the right, Since each step is statistically independent, the, But, also, clearly, there are MANY different, The of distinct possibilities is the SAME as, 1st place Can be occupied any one of N ways, 2nd place Can be occupied any one of N - 1, 3rd place Can be occupied any one of N - 2, (N 1)th place Can be occupied only 2 ways, ? 1994. page 99 There were statistically significant different (3).pdf, Advanced Python Skills for Data Scientists, No public clipboards found for this slide, Enjoy access to millions of presentations, documents, ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more. Standard error measures the precision of the estimate of a population parameter provided by the sample mean or proportion. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. So the probability, which is probably the most elementary (discrete), As another example, suppose that p q , N, The Binomial Distribution is only one example of, Most of the following results are valid for ANY, Let u a variable which can take on any of M, with probabilities P(u1),P(u2),P(u3),..,P(uM-1),P, The Mean (average) value of u is defined as, S1 P(u1) P(u2) P(u3) .. P(uM-1) P(uM), For a properly normalized distribution, S1. Data Analysis and Presentation Describing and Presenting Data Three important criteriaaccuracy, conciseness, and understandability Researchers should always present their data in ways that most accurately represent the data Numerical data can be classified as numerical (example: percentages, (means) or graphical (graphs) method) Statistics Three areas: 1) Descriptive - central tendency . Use a Statistical description of such a system. Document presentation format: On-screen Show Company: SIMS, UC Berkeley Other titles: Times New Roman Book Antiqua Wingdings pvf-112000 Introduction to Statistical Analysis Approximate (!) It's FREE! The independent variable is often seen as influencing, directly or indirectly, the dependent variable. The SlideShare family just got bigger. For routine medical research, use only two-sided tests. Spies M.D., MPH Professor of Radiology Georgetown University School of Medicine Washington, DC. - Chapter 10: Inference from Small Samples Introduction When the sample size is small, the estimation and testing procedures of Chapter 8 are not appropriate. If a confidence interval range is very wide, then plausible value might range from very low to very high. Tap here to review the details. (n1, Question 1 What is the mean number of steps to, We can do this sum by looking it up in a table OR. uji hipotesis. We've encountered a problem, please try again. gordon c. nagayama hall 355 straub phone: 346-4969 e-mail: [email protected]. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. It is the middle value from an ordered listing of the values If an odd number of values, it is the middle value If even number of values, it is the average of the two middle values. diana trandabat 2013-2014. cky parsing. Typically 0.05 is used, Errors Type II error Claiming there is no difference between two samples when in fact there is. @ n ? " - Chapter 9. If two samples, is the same as the T test. # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . We've updated our privacy policy. Statistical Issues Designing Clinical Research - . When comparing two samples, we usually cannot be sure which is going to be be better. Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials - . Chapter 10 Data Monitoring, Monitoring Committee Function, - Chapter 10 Data Monitoring, Monitoring Committee Function & Statistical Methods. A very large study might find that a difference of .1 on a VAS Scale of 0 to 10 is statistically significant but it may be of no clinical significance A large study might find many significant findings during multivariable analyses. Overview. Applications of Statistics in Research Bandit Thinkhamrop, Ph.D. (Statistics) Department of Biostatistics and Demography Faculty of Public Health Khon Kaen University. Do not sell or share my personal information. 5. More than one method is . February 13, 2010. Basics stat ppt-types of data Farhana Shaheen 23.3k views Null hypothesis AND ALTERNAT HYPOTHESIS ADESH MEDICAL COLLEGE 53.5k views Presentation of data Ruby Ocenar 256k views Research Design gaurav22 401.8k views Standard deviation P. G. Department of Botany, Berhampur University 82.6k views Chi squared test Dhruv Patel 6.4k views ? Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Teaching Assistants: Katie Tranbarger & Scott Spicer, Y or unravel reasons/causes of - MAS1401 Statistical Methods An Introduction to Statistical Methods used in the Agricultural and Biological Sciences Lecturer: Dr David Walshaw School of Mathematics Statistics 202: Statistical Aspects of Data Mining, - Statistics 202: Statistical Aspects of Data Mining Professor David Mease Tuesday, Thursday 9:00-10:15 AM Terman 156 Lecture 13 = Finish Chapter 5 and Chapter 8, - Title: CHAPTER 6: LINEAR PROGRAMMING Author: chen_zhimin Last modified by: user Created Date: 10/20/2004 1:00:08 PM Document presentation format. Much more useful than correlation Allows prediction of values of Y rather than just whether there is a relationship between two variable. Similarly, we can, Of course, ltn1gt ltn2gt N(p q) N as it. For example, tables or graphs are used to organize data, and descriptive values such as the average score are used to summarize data. Data types Summarizing data using descriptive statistics Standard error Confidence Intervals. Ratios: if CI includes 1, then is not significant The interval contains the true population value 95% of the time. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. It has millions of presentations already uploaded and available with 1,000s more being uploaded by its users every day. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. - Chapter 8: Introduction to Find the lower and upper confidence limits. No problem. The probability of stepping to, to the left is q 1 p. In general, q ? Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Introduction We are focusing on "quantitative analysis" The general idea is to summarize and analyze data so that it is useful for decision-making We do this by calculating "measures of central tendency" and by looking for relationships (We will NOT cover formal tests of hypotheses) Primary vs. secondary data sources Data on uses STATISTICAL PROCEDURES (Discriptive Statistics).pptx MuhammadNafees42 158 views Sampling design 6.5k views Method of data collection Research problem Balaji P Balaji P Balaji P Balaji P 33k views Use of quantitative techniques in economics Balaji P Recently uploaded 265.ppt sanjaykj6 Apple 2022-Q4 Income Statement chart.pdf BobKane13 So, the of distinct ways in which N objects, This is the same as the of distinct ways of, The probability WN(n1) of taking N steps, with, This probability distribution is called the, This is because the Binomial Expansion has the, We really want the probability PN(m) that x ml, PN(m) WN(n1). biostatistics 212. today. 3. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Standard Error A fundamental goal of statistical analysis is to estimate a parameter of a population based on a sample The values of a specific variable from a sample are an estimate of the entire population of individuals who might have been eligible for the study. charles e. mcculloch division of biostatistics. @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~  Fn KT XAYM( JFIF f f Exif MM * b j( 1 r2 i f f Adobe Photoshop CS Macintosh 2008:11:28 11:45:55 &( .
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